Which of the following factors enhances the movement of water and dissolved chemicals in soil?

High soil permeability is a key factor that enhances the movement of water and dissolved chemicals in soil. Permeability refers to the ability of soil to transmit water and air through its pore spaces. Soils with high permeability, such as sandy or loamy soils, allow water to flow through them more easily, facilitating the movement of both water and the dissolved nutrients or chemicals it carries. This rapid drainage and infiltration enable effective distribution and access for plant roots, promoting healthy growth.

In contrast, factors like high soil acidity and low organic matter can hinder the movement of water and nutrients. High acidity can lead to nutrient leaching and poor soil structure, while low organic matter often results in reduced water retention and poorer soil aeration. Heavy rainfall can initially enhance water movement, but if the soil is already saturated or has low permeability, it may lead to runoff rather than effective absorption. Therefore, high soil permeability uniquely contributes to efficient movement and availability of water and solutes within the soil ecosystem.